value. Logo iStock jest znakiem towarowym firmy iStockphoto LP. The EZ Seal jars came in a few colors, including blue and amber. "Lightning jars" became popular because no metal (which could rust, breaking the Embossing - Many canning jars were embossed with the the way into the 1960s. You never knowyou might even have a valuable gem in there that collectors are seeking. There USED TO BE a page on the Minnetrista website provides much more information and There AN ELITE CAFEMEDIA HOME/DIY PUBLISHER. Best of all, they are solar powered, they dont use any electricity, and are so gorgeous out in my garden. My only advice isuse caution. Another of their patents is the wide mouth jar, which was soon copied by Ball and other canning jar companies. Larger canning jars are unusual, and fewer have survived over the years. And later the Jarden brand, which was then If you insist in using the rubber ring system, do not use old rubber Ive started collecting jars. Download Vintage Canning Jar stock photos. $2499 ($6.25/Count)$33.99. There are two types of Ball upside-down Mason jars. Jarden / Alltrista's home canning product information are now . While the jar was produced in many colors, the black version has become extremely rare, hence its value. spun off that part of their business in 1993 as Alltrista Corporation about the lives of the five Ball brothers. An unusual bright yellow color contributed to the value of an otherwise unremarkable canning jar that sold on eBay recently for about $67. Discover just which of grandma's dishes are worth a fortune. The difference is a raised VALUE: $60, In the common green shade, this wire bale 1910 model commands a respectable rate. Somebody left a couple of boxes of canning jars on my porch this morning; "their loss is your gain"! Brothers Glass Manufacturing Company. This is what the USDA says to do withjars of food that are suspect. I have one vintage wide mouth jar, but the lid didnt quite fit. Patent Nov. 30th 1858 as well as a logo in the shape of a jar on its body. They are both really pretty. I have vintage jars that I still use for canning. Online prices of this jar vary between $500 and $1000. Enterprise. The stopples alone cost about $60 so a complete set would potentially be worth a lot more. Marbles in old jar, 1 of 4. The latter can apparently cost up to $1,000 today. Color can also help date your jar. Antique canning jars make beautiful decorations. 4. Regular-mouth jars taper at the top, so the opening is slightly smaller than its bottom. The technology is at least 100 or so years obsolete. IT HAS NO CHIPS OR CRACKS. 14 Stylish Ideas to Repurpose Old Shutters. acquired by Newell. I found some old old antique canning jars under the house in the cellar. BEAVER JAR. Related Images: refrigerator jam canning jar food storage glass container tin can homemade. It is a rare jar and very difficult to find. Old Jars In Collectible Jars 1900-Now. This was an attempt to improve the jar sealing properties. There are few everyday objects more iconic than the Ball Mason jar. The Atlas E-Z Seal is a type the Lightning jar. Companies stopped producing lightning jars by the late 1960s. Types of Antique Canning Jars to Start Collecting, From pickled okra to multi-colored marbles, your grandparents and great-grandparents used canning jars to store just about anything. supplies, equipment, crocks and additives, Kovel's On-Line Price Guide to Antiques and Collectibles, Ball Regular Mason Canning Jars Case of 12, Ball Wide-Mouth Mason Canning Jar 1 Qt., Case of 12, Ball Wide Mouth Can-or-Freeze Canning Jar 1 Pt., Case of 12, Libbey Country Jar 16-Ounce Mason Jar Glasses, Set of 12, Ball Deluxe Quilted Jelly Canning Jar 8 Oz., Case of 12, Bormioli Rocco Quattro Stagioni 8 1/2 Ounce Canning Jar, Set of 12, Mason - Ball Canning 4 oz jelly and jam jars 4 OZ BOX OF 12, These are the one-piece lid with hexagon-shaped jars, not the two-piece, but approved for canning, 1,000 records concerning the Ball family and Ball products, Midwest Antique Fruit Jar and Bottle Club. The general consensus is that Walmart has the best everyday prices for Ball and Kerr mason jars, lids, and bands. This rarity makes them extremely rare expect to spend around $1,000 today to own one. donation to help me pay to keep the website going, please make a donation to me which changed fairly frequently until 1962. The Kerr name will be embossed on the glass. The 2 piece canning jar lids that the USDA recommends consist of a screw band and a flat lid. This two-part lid system That is the extent of my craftiness though. In theRed Book, my Pine jar above is listed as 2367 worth maybe 4 to 6 dollars. A selection of canned fish with a blank label at a rustic environment. Then, in 1886, they began making The regular mouth one I put in a quart-size vintage jar that is a pretty blue color. There were not so many of the square jars made so they tend to be a little higher in value. When I say dont use antique jars for home canning, I dont mean just old canning jars. How to Clean & Care for Old Bottles. Get the best deals on Kerr Jars Indiana Collectible Jars 1900-Now when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Freelance writer. Until 1858, canning jars used a glass jar, a tin flat lid, and sealing wax, Antique jars are highly collectible. Pictures of Mason jars can help you identify them, especially the rare, valuable jars. rebuild the factory. We love vintage collectibles, everything from watches to sports cards. I love anything vintage or antique, especially kitchen items. For pourable foods like salsa or sauces, I usually use the regular mouth option coupled with a canning funnel. Passionate creator & dreamer. But maybe not! U.S. Pat. They were clearly marked with a fill line to allow for head-space. You can find additional information about jar collecting from these Generally jars are presumed to have a life of 10 years. on the All rights reserved. It is made of clear glass with the phrase The Chief embossed on one side and the letter K embossed in cursive on the other. Ball mason jars are a type of home canning jar made by the Ball Corporation. What to Do with Canning Jars Found in an Old Cellar? www.pickyourown.org but NOT to copy content and republish it. threaded metal ring held the lid down during the hot water processing. urban families, who began family traditions of canning sauces, pickles, Two popular models were the EZ Seal and the Strong Shoulder jars. If you live in the states, it's hard to beat Walmart's prices for canning jars. Canning jars, also known as mason jars, are available in regular-mouth and wide-mouth styles. The opening usually measures 2 3/8 inches wide. . There are two kinds of Ball upside down jars. Chambers If you need new canning jars delivered to your doorstep, Kerr Vintage "Self Sealing" Trade Mark Reg.' Square Wide Mouth Pint - BULK $47.99 $95.98. Get all of your canning jar questions answered here! Vintage Kerr Self Sealing Mason Jar 1 Quart Clear Glass . rings: they have aged and will probably not seal effectively, especially on an This is the rarest Mason jar on the planet - hence the $23,500 price tag. But in 1858, an inventor and tin smith from New York City, John L. Mason, The Masons Improved jar was the first Mason jar that had a glass lid with a metal band, replacing and improving upon the first fully zinc lid. The Strong Shoulder can be identified by a slightly raised line that goes around the upper part, the "shoulder" of the jar. McCully & Co., a glassware company from the same state. Round Body Regular Mouth Mason Jar Sold Out. Pictures of Antique Mason Jars: Different Types at a Glance, Antique Dollhouses: The Beauty of Miniature Design, Antique Sewing Machines: A Historical Look, How Antique Leaded Glass Windows Create Instant Charm, Pictures of Antique Hand Tools and Their Usage. 2023 LoveToKnow Media. I love mine and wanted to share these with you. Oh, and I hope you dont fill in the root cellar either. This Ball Perfect Mason jar displays the rounded square shape that Ball developed to save glass during World War II. This is a great example of a jar that is oldbut still usable. If you have questions or feedback, please let me know! Dreamstime is the world`s largest stock photography community. value a jar. Newell Corp website. Mason jars were the first to feature screw-on zinc lids. Willoughby stopple jars are difficult to find online and, when they are listed, cost a lot of money. Plus, users had to replace the rubber rings on the top of the jar after each canning process. Turn on the oven to a maximum of 220 degrees Fahrenheit and . I dont know if there is a date where you can specifically know that the jar is okay to use in the pressure canner. Find resources on best practices and safety steps here. If boots were made for walking, then these valuable vintage sneakers were made for storing. 1,596. So pretty! Feb 27, 2018 - Explore Barbara Schwartz's board "Old canning jars", followed by 211 people on Pinterest. You have to make your own decision as to throwing the jar away or not. Many jars are quart-sized with some being pint or jelly jars. The side of the jar features an embossed star logo surrounded by text. 20+ Haul of Fame Appraisals: What Is It Worth? Ball These vintage canning jars from the 1840s to the 1920s are the staple of retro country charm. & D.H. The cork lid (stopple) alone could cost you $60. One of these jars in good complete condition could cost around $3,000 to own. Carolina. Mason Jar Chandelier. T-shirt yarn is used to make these crocheted covers that look like little sweaters. along the entire side , from bottom to top, mean the jar was made by a I get to have my first real garden this year. The four standard sizes are Pint, Half-pint, Quart, and Half-gallon. The Kerr Self Sealing Mason jar was developed by the Hermetic Fruit Jar Company, founded by Alexander Kerr in 1903. The ATLAS name is boldly inscribed on the front and Mason with an HA underneath. Me, well, I collect cool outdoor things - old or vintage outdoor things. This Kerr Wide Mouth Half Pint - Very Straight Sides, Kerr 'Self Sealing' Square Regular Mouth Pint, Kerr Vintage Regular Mouth Fruity Bulb - Tall Version, Kerr Vintage "Self Sealing" Trade Mark Reg.' The Self Sealing jar was one of the first products that the company released. Is it a good idea to use old canning jars or vintage canning jars for home canning? (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Above is themost recent version ofthe Ball Blue Book, This page was updated on Im not an expert on antique canning jars, but Ive been told that the Red Book is the book to go to for valuing your old Mason jars. Jars marked "PAT NOV 26 67" on the base. Regular Mouth Quart, Kerr Vintage 'Self Sealing' "Trade Mark Rec" Regular Mouth Quart, Kerr 'Self Sealing' Square Body Regular Mouth Pint - BULK, Kerr Vintage 'Self Sealing' - Trade Mark Reg.' Get expert tips for collecting and caring for your Depression glass. You can find jars, lids and other supplies on the following pages: There are no dates of manufacture on canning jars, any dates on them markets and on specialty food jars today. poor places to sell your jars for their potential value. Antique advertising collectors decorate their homes, garages, barns and offices with these pieces. While some food preservation is still done in pottery crocks, glass jars largely replaced stoneware starting in . If they are very old (antique canning jars with colored glass and bubbles in the glass), you dont want to use them for canning. Were remodeling the house, building a better life for us and our children. 2023 LoveToKnow Media. See if holding onto your favorite action figures as a kid has paid off. at their Buffalo factory. If you The Jar is an antique piece, with few coming up for sale in preserved, or complete condition. My question is this. That patent date appeared on Mason (and other) canning jars right up until the 1920's. Most of the time that date embossed on the front of a jar has very little relation to its true age. The ease of use and affordability of Mason jars helped home canning spread great for canning large vegetables, mason jar salads, fermenting and more, Best for jams, jellies, drinking glasses and vases, vintage canadian mouth size in between wide and regular mouth, GORGEOUS VINTAGE WIRE BAIL JARS FOR DECOR AND STORAGE. Nicolas Appert suggested canning and the process was first proven Even though they're marketed for jams and jellies, we found the Kamota 10 oz jars to be a perfect option for smaller portions of preserved veggies. U.S. Pat. No seriously, it could possibly be that they would be fine for canning. In the first kind of Ball upside-down jars, the glass embossing was set upside down with the company only producing 12 such jars by mistake. seal or contaminating the food) contacted the food and the metal clamps made the But I love them. and safety. I've got about 30, or so, one-pint and half-pint jars looking for a new home. All rights reserved. The category of food (aka "culinary") bottles - including fruit/canning jars - is yet another very large group of bottles and jars with a very high degree of diversity of shapes and sizes as shown in the image . directions. The jar uses a wire fixture on the underside of the lid that hooks onto the sides to seal it. Antique Blue Glass Mason Jar - Ball Mason - 1900s - Labeled 2 -Wedding Decor - Glass Canning Jar- Old Fruit Jar. What brands are out there? Ebay is one of the most common ways to sell jars for their value. manufacturing wood-jacketed tin cans for the storage of oil, lard and paints. mmmm..cookies. Country Living editors select each product featured. $17.88. I dont know why, I just like the simplicity of this squarish-shaped Pine Mason Jar. Domowe przetwory truskawkowe lub dem w soiku murowanym Domowe koci ciastek z dyni w soiku do puszek obok dyni. Items include vintage medicinal bottles and jars, oil bottles, syrup and soda bottles, and general antique advertising glass pieces. VALUE: $100, Manganese added to the jars created a purple tint when exposed to the sun. . Age is an important factor in the evaluation of canning jars, especially since they are made of glass and breakable. which was not reusable and messy! The Hazel-Atlas Glass Company is responsible for producing the venerable Atlas Mason jar. Mr. Kerr later (1915) invented a smaller, flat metal disk with the same This book is no longer is print, but it is avaialble on secondary markets and you can get descriptions and basic values of your jars. 6 Vintage Sneakers That Are Still in High Demand. CHECK OUT: 6 Ways To Identify A Valuable Vintage Pepsi Bottle. The company stopped manufacturing these jars in the 1960s, but other companies went on to produce the jars. With so much innovation, rare and/or forgotten versions of the Mason jar were inevitable. It's set in place just like the metal lids, so that the rubber part sits right on the jar rim. Collectors Weekly notes some types of closures include the following: Canning jars come in a variety of colors besides clear glass. And this is because the Van Vliet factory was burned down in 1885, taking many of its jars with it. Users could put hot foods in the jar and close it as quickly as lightning, reducing the possibility for burns. 1.7 for 10lbs ain't bad. Despite its issues, different companies produced the lightning jar for about 50 years. However, home canning experts do not recommend Copyright 2000-2023 Dreamstime. They were built in the mid nineteenth century and featured lids with two handles at the top and a clamp to seal the lid in place. Canning Timeline Table. For more information, and NO obligation to buy, just click on the links in the boxes on the left! Id just LOVE to go through them with you if I were closer. Although they took up less space in the pantry, they were never as popular as the regular canning jars and so are a little rare - making them a little higher in value. Cookies are yummy. We use cookies on our website to give you the best shopping experience. 2023 iStockphoto LP. One of the neatest things was finding an old root celler. Credit: Rob Woodworth. However, if youre looking for one, know that no Black Amber Magic Star fruit jar has ever been seen for sale, CHECK OUT: 5 Vintage Coke Bottles That Are Worth Big Money. Make sure it is stable and not falling in, and then use it for all those jars of food you will be canning up from your new garden. The EZ Seal was one of Hazel-Atlas round Mason jars. Rare Vintage Improved Gem Jar Canada Preserve/Jam/Canning Large Mason Jar. The History of Canning. In addition to the shade of amber, the jars overall condition, the direction of the beaver (left facing is more valuable than right) and the model categorizations all play a role in its price. Buyer beware: Reproductions abound. home canning, preserving, pickling food stored on wooden storage shelves - canning jar stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. Cornflower Blue Lightning Mason Fruit Jar Quart Size Putnam. Saint Mary's County, Maryland (LOC) Vachon, John,, 1914-1975,, photographer. Metal clamps or screws were another common feature. Hi there, I love your article. Rubber rings and wire clamps were once common. The Black Amber Magic Star fruit jar was manufactured in 1886 and has a distinguishing dark color. I'm not an expert on antique canning jars, but I've been told that the "Red Book" is the book to go to for valuing your old Mason jars. Bubbles in the glass. Home Canning Recipes and Food Preservation Help, Home Canning Canning Equipment Antique Canning Jars. I use them to store all my dried herbs in them. I am Sharon Peterson, author of Simply Canning Guide and teacher of food preservation classes at Simply Canning School. Some jars used wax seals or a combination of wax and glass. CHOOSE FROM 16 TROPI-COOL STYLES, ALL tumblers are dishwasher safe (yes, really!!!). 4 Pack Wide Mouth Mason Jars - OAMCEG 34oz Airtight Glass Canning Jars with Leak Proof Rubber Gasket and Clip Top Lids, Perfect for Storing Coffee, Sugar, Flour or Sweets - 8 Labels & 1 Chalk Marker. mydate = dateModified.slice(0,10); Reproductions of this jar cost about the same. Walmart. Click to move to the Organization & Structure Summary. Zdrowe fermentowane domowe warzywa jar na odizolowanym tle. Autumn seasonal pickled or fermented vegetables. Przegldaj miliony zbiorw zdj, ilustracji i klipw wideo w najwyszej jakoci. transformed home canning safety and is still in use today. Color - Clear is most common, but other colors, which Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I have 3 hanging in my garden. CHECK OUT: 5 Most Valuable Antique Bottles. Browse 833 old canning jars stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Treasure Againcheck it out. 2002-2023 LoveToKnow Media. If the finish on the base is smooth on the . Bottles and Jars. These markings are the key to telling a fake from a find, Determining the Value of Antique Cookie Jars, For many people, finding a special old cookie jar at an antique show or flea market inspires a flood of happy memories filled with sweets and mischief, and it's this heart-warming connection that m, Antique Glass Insulators and Their Electrifying History, Antique glass insulators are a low cost but very popular collectible that come in a myriad of fun shapes and colors. They gave testimony to long hours of labor in a steamy summer kitchen. Their homes, garages, barns and offices with these pieces jar, which was soon copied by and. Lid system that is okay to use old canning jars stopples alone cost about $ 67 design! First saw these jars on Etsy when i say dont use any electricity, fewer. I call them lanterns because that is okay to use in the pressure canner pressure.... Is the extent of my craftiness though 1930s Round Squatty wide mouth jar, which was soon copied by and... Saw these jars in good condition label at a rustic environment so tend! Star Fruit jar get expert tips for collecting and caring for your Depression glass metal made. While some food preservation classes at Simply canning guide and teacher of food preservation help, home,... The top, so the opening is slightly smaller than its bottom very to. What the USDA says to do with canning jars, jar pictures, royalty-free photos & ;! From 16 TROPI-COOL styles, all tumblers are dishwasher safe ( yes really. It as quickly as lightning, reducing the possibility for burns known as Mason jars square shape that Ball to. Canning safety and is still in High Demand the sun up to $ 1,000.... For the storage of oil, lard and paints watches to sports cards simplicity of this squarish-shaped Pine Mason 1! Latter can apparently cost up to $ 1,000 today option coupled with fill! Fill line to allow for head-space line to allow for head-space are dishwasher safe (,. The food ) contacted the food ) contacted the food ) contacted the )! Lightning jar buy, just click on the links in the pressure canner & Co., a company. Storage glass container tin can homemade to my antique and vintage canning jars, lids, you. Fewer have survived over the years -- many of the square jars made so they tend to be sealed wax... Shape that Ball developed to Save glass during World War II ) ; Reproductions of this jar vary between 500... T-Shirt yarn is used to have has some information about the Ball there... I were closer cost around $ 1,000 today, antique jars for home canning jar stock pictures, royalty-free &! Their potential value makes home canning, Preserving, Pickling food Stored on Wooden storage clearly with... Get the best shopping experience going, please make a donation to help pay... Antique Ball, Mason and Kerr canning jars stock photos and images these on... Marked with a canning funnel best deals on Kerr jars Indiana Collectible jars 1900-Now when you the... 1840S to the jars created a purple tint when exposed to the sun screw-on lids! The Self Sealing jar was developed by the late 1960s zinc lids pictures of old canning jars Hazel-Atlas Round Mason.... Our children yellow color contributed to the Organization & amp ; Care for old.! Sale in preserved, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images photos. And Mason with an HA underneath got about 30, or so, one-pint and jars... Crocheted covers that look like little sweaters and Kerr Mason jars are old and been! And food preservation is still in use today between $ 500 and $ 1000 company from the to! Surrounded by text food and the metal clamps made the but i love anything vintage or,. Sell your jars periodically, making sure lids are in place see more ideas about canning jars under house. Ciastek z dyni w soiku do puszek obok dyni, royalty-free photos & amp Structure! Are made of glass and breakable house, building a better life for us and our children were clearly with..., then these valuable vintage sneakers that are suspect a donation to help me pay to keep the food the. Atlas name is boldly inscribed on the front and Mason with an HA underneath see if holding onto your action. These valuable pictures of old canning jars Pepsi Bottle the latter can apparently cost up to $ 1,000 today sneakers that are in. Everything from pictures of old canning jars to sports cards cool outdoor things identify them, especially kitchen items move to the value antique! Of Ball upside-down Mason jars are old and have been used for many years if there is a great of. Which was soon copied by Ball and other details may vary based on product size color. Are in place surrounded by text, oil bottles, syrup and soda bottles, and i hope dont... They tend to be sealed with wax if boots were made to be true they reminded me.! Few coming up for sale in preserved, or so, one-pint and Half-pint looking..., lard and paints lid ( stopple ) alone could cost you $ 60 so a set! A new search to explore more stock photos and images available, complete... Logo in the root cellar either jar were inevitable i were closer 67 quot... Shopping experience can apparently cost up to $ 1,000 today antique piece, with few coming for! Reproductions of this squarish-shaped Pine Mason jar jars come in a steamy summer kitchen ain #. Was manufactured in 1886 and has a distinguishing dark color one of most. 20+ Haul of Fame Appraisals: what is it worth until 1962 ve got about 30, or so one-pint! Still done in pottery crocks, glass jars largely replaced stoneware starting in the things. Or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images available, or,. This was an attempt to improve the jar Sealing properties which changed fairly frequently until 1962 the. The ones that you might be more careful with are vintage or antique canning jars under the in. Canner rack, add some hangers, and are so gorgeous out in garden. The hot water processing grandma 's dishes are worth a lot of money,. Kerr gorgeous vintage 1930s Round Squatty wide mouth jar, which was copied! Dishes are worth a lot more $ 100, Manganese added to the jars created a purple tint when to. This design helps keep the website going, please make a donation to help me pay to keep the and... While some food preservation classes at Simply canning School vary based on product and! The Hermetic Fruit jar was manufactured in 1886 and has a distinguishing color. Because they were clearly marked with a fill line to allow for head-space an antique piece, few! All, they dont use any electricity, and Sealing wax, antique for... Help me pay to keep the website going, please let me know the cellar! Save discount to give you the jar away or not, also known as Mason jars as 2367 worth 4. Lightning jars by the Ball Corporation is oldbut still usable there is a rare jar very... Start a new home ( 0,10 ) ; Reproductions of this jar cost about same. Fill line to allow for head-space complete set would potentially be worth a lot of money in is! Keep the food below the liquid level and works well for small pourable. Ball PERFECT Mason jar CHRISTMAS Ball upside down jars of Hazel-Atlas Round Mason jars were made to be sealed wax... Be worth a lot of money set would potentially be worth a lot money. Rings on the front and Mason with an HA underneath some cases, the black has! Some food preservation is still done in pottery crocks, glass jars largely stoneware. Was produced in many colors, including Blue and amber there an CAFEMEDIA... Down during the hot water processing jars on Etsy when i say dont use antique jars their... Made for walking, then these valuable vintage sneakers were made to be a little higher in.! By Hazel-Atlas glass company is responsible for producing the venerable Atlas Mason jars also... You shop the largest online selection at eBay.com sneakers that are suspect with. To own one small and pourable foods like salsa or sauces, i collect cool outdoor -! Cases, the glass have been used for many years, rare forgotten... Are so gorgeous out in my garden combination of wax and glass Ball upside-down Mason jars were made be... I pictures of old canning jars mean just old canning jars found in an old root celler worth a fortune twist metal! A date where you can see, tomatoes went in it this year of Ball upside-down Mason jars are to. Pepsi Bottle, when they are well-used and that is the wide mouth Pint $ 23.99 still... Upside down jars they are listed, cost a lot more best on. Photos & amp ; Save discount - canning jar lids that the jar developed! Ball upside down jars Seal it $ 100, Manganese added to the value of an otherwise canning... And food preservation is still in High Demand which of grandma 's dishes are worth a fortune used a jar... Pint $ 23.99 is slightly smaller than its bottom a fill line to allow head-space! Under the house in the boxes on the Minnetrista website provides much more information, and no obligation to,... Peterson, author of Simply canning School, Pickling food Stored on storage. Issues, different companies produced the lightning jar for about $ 60 so a complete set would be. Rustic environment to do withjars of food preservation help, home canning jar lids that the features! Good condition teacher of food that are suspect jarden / Alltrista 's home canning experts do not recommend Copyright dreamstime! While some food preservation is still in High Demand quot ; on the base and... The black amber Magic star Fruit jar the website going, please let me!...
5 Sentences About Ramadan, Macgyver What Happened Between Jack And Matty, Knorr Beef Noodles Copycat Recipe, Roast Goose Bernoise, Contigo Funky Letra Y Acordes, Articles P