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X-ray of Local government administration in Nigeria. >> New York, Scribner Press in Institute of Management and Leadership Professional Nigeria (2012). Who would qualify for return-free filing? /Tabs /S Many local governments Authorities in Tanzania have reformed their tax collection systems in recent years, these results to increases in revenue collection (R EPOA, 2008). x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R
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/Resources << /Type /Group /F4 23 0 R As an alternative to benchmarking, cities could also determine the cost of services and then establish a cost-plus pricing model to generate additional revenues. istorically, the development of direct taxation in local, government in Nigeria can be traced to the )ritish pre*colonial period under this, Recently the revenue that accrues to local government is derived from t#o broad. Nchuchuwe, F. F. Local government finance in Nigeria in Olojede, I., Fajonyomi, B., & Fatile, J. /F1 20 0 R This approach has the potential to not only fairly penalize offenders and reduce instances of speeding but also to generate more revenue. One of the MMDAs involved in the use of recent ICTs to assist revenue mobilization is the AMA. >>
For example, cities could institute new charges for the disposal of food waste. For example, New Yorks Nassau County installed red-light cameras at 86 intersections in 2016 and produced more than 500,000 tickets for motorists, which generated $48 million. state and local government with a recommendation that conscious effort be made to allocate more revenues to states and local governments. How does the current system of international taxation work? Government and to the State Governments. How did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act change business taxes? On the other hand, if the state collects a tax imposed by local governments, the collection and distribution to the imposing local governments is treated as an agency transaction; that is, the receipts are reported entirely as tax revenue of the local governments and not as either a state tax or state intergovernmental expenditure. 1 0 obj For existing land lease contracts, cities could maximize value through renegotiation or cancellation and retender based on tenant response. /StructParents 6 /StructParents 5 /Meta77 66 0 R What are tax credits and how do they differ from tax deductions? << >> This was localities largest single source of tax revenue. endobj
However revenue generation by communities dates back to 1986 when central government requested the local . This gave a substantial and unprecedented reform of autonomy to the, devolved on the local government therefore, became a common $no#ledge that, most of the local government are finding it difficult to cope #ith the present level, The principal aims of creating local governments #ere as, /. /Tabs /S Beyond central government funding, the primary revenue streams for municipal governments are service fees, fines, taxes, and assets such as buildings and properties. 0000001471 00000 n
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Something went wrong. 3.16.1 Introduction. Simple, Fair, and Pro-Growth: Proposals to Fix Americas Tax System, Report of the Presidents Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform, November 2005, The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, December 2010, Debt Reduction Task Force, Restoring Americas Future, Bipartisan Policy Center, November 2010, The Tax Reform Act of 2014: Fixing Our Broken Tax Code So That It Works for American Families and Job Creators, House Ways and Means Committee, The Graetz Competitive Tax Plan, Updated for 2015. What is the difference between carryover basis and a step-up in basis? stream
/Meta40 35 0 R Revenue Generation in Nigeria's Local Government. Diesel fuel used in processing, manufacturing, refining, generating electricity, irrigation or farming, or by any hospital may /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] The following steps provide a structured process for cities to determine a tailored and effective solution, taking into account the distinctive characteristics of each city. Local governments created with administrative and financial autonomy have two sources of revenue (internal and external) to promote development at the grassroot. Local government revenue comes from property, sales, and other taxes; charges and fees; and transfers from federal and state governments. /Filter /FlateDecode When renegotiating existing leases, several levers can be utilized, such as increasing allowable floor-to-area ratio (FAR), collecting penalties for violations, amending contract duration and payment terms, and modifying plot use. !ODL 2}PE^eF}6m 0|A
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/F1 20 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] In 2013, Seoul introduced a volume-based food waste disposal charge that succeeded in reducing its daily food waste significantly. What are the sources of revenue for local governments?
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/F9 55 0 R Revenue from charges, fees, and miscellaneous sources increased from 15 percent to 23 percent in 1985 and has remained roughly at that level since then (figure 2). << /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] Regarding dissipation, figure 4 shows the time series power curtailment of an integrated generation plant without energy storage. /Parent 2 0 R Local governments received about 32 percent of their general revenue from state government transfers (including indirect federal funds) and 4 percent directly from the federal government. What is a territorial tax and does the United States have one now? Municipalities could increase service fees (such as those on parking and construction permits) as well as fines, taxes, and the cost of accessing city assets (such as beaches). 11 0 obj
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/MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] Lack of proper provision and maintenance of social amenities, lack of well-trained staff especially revenue staff and so on are some of the results of lack of proper funding of local government in Nigeria. /Group << endobj
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/Meta37 37 0 R /Font << /Parent 2 0 R 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, May 16, 2018, un.org.
Keywords: Local Government, Federalism, Revenue Allocation and Fiscal Federalism 1. revenue generation still remains poor due to local government being unable to exploit revenue areas because of the interference of State Government in local government affairs.
Municipalities raise revenues by charging for services such as public parking, toll roads, waste management, and building permits, among others. Finally, cities could introduce new types of service fees, fines, and chargesand in so doing, create new sources of revenue. To increase the flow of revenues from these sources, cities can select from four interventions (Exhibit 3). /Meta81 69 0 R International Business Management, 3(3), 5460. /StructParents 3 The revenue generation is not exceptional to :muahia North, Do not sell or share my personal information. Governments should ensure that fee levels cover the costs of services being provided in the majority of cases. /Meta78 65 0 R Hb``$WR~|@T#2S/`M. >> Intergovernmental transfers accounted for 36 percent of local general revenue in 2017 (figure 1). /F1 20 0 R
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What is global intangible low-taxed income and how is it taxed under the TCJA? /Image89 71 0 R The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_17, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, https://www.odi.org/events/282-innovations-poverty-reduction-role-local-government, Political Science and International Studies, Political Science and International Studies (R0), Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. /Type /Group What are state balanced budget requirements and how do they work? What was the experience with return-free filing in California? What did the 200810 tax stimulus acts do? (All sources of local government general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.). The share coming from property taxes fell from 22 percent of general revenue in 1977 to 17 percent in 1985, but since then property taxes as a share of general revenue have been relatively stable. Why do low-income families use tax preparers? State and Local Finance Data: Exploring the Census of Governments, Gross Domestic Product, Third Quarter 2018 (Second Estimate); Corporate Profits, Third Quarter 2018 (Preliminary Estimate), Follow the Money: How to Track Federal Funding to Local Governments. What other countries use return-free filing? Concept Publications. 0000001743 00000 n
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A third lever is optimizing collection and audit processes to increase collection rates and minimize leakage. Randall, Megan, Tracy Gordon, Solomon Greene, and Erin Huffer. The City of Chicago has instituted such a program several times over the past two decades. /Group << To meet rising expectations for service delivery amid tight budgets, municipal governments must increase revenues from existing sources as well as create new revenue streams. How do taxes affect the economy in the long run? (2011). /XObject << /S /Transparency Meanwhile, individual income taxes have also increased as a percentage of state and local general revenue, providing 10 percent in 1977 and 13 percent in 2019.
/F7 42 0 R What is the difference between refundable and nonrefundable credits? >> D?M5j$3X,/L
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>Pu*wH:97CWW /Type /Group Who bears the burden of a national retail sales tax? Hence the various sources of local government finance have become very crucial in order to foster development at all levels of governance. We have found that this effort has led to a year-over-year increase in municipal revenues of 30 percent. First, to identify the relevant revenue streams and which interventions to apply, cities should determine the relevant data and revenue baselines. We show that increased revenues from shale gas and oil during this period are strongly associated with decreased local government relianceonnesandfeesasrevenuesources.
What is the Canadian experience with a VAT? /StructParents 8 /F4 23 0 R Since 1977, property taxes as a share of combined state and local general revenues have declined while charges have increased. What tax incentives exist to help families save for education expenses? /Image93 73 0 R /Resources << %%EOF
What are the sources of revenue for local governments? %PDF-1.4 >> << What have budget trends been over the short and long term? Taxes provided 42 percent of local general revenues, including: Charges, such as city revenue from sewerage and parking fees, when combined, provided 18 percent of local general revenues in 2019. Areas to be assessed may include the following metrics: Ease of implementation. The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria pp 325343Cite as. How do state estate and inheritance taxes work? What are the options for taxing wealth transfers? Gordon, Tracy. AMA is one of the most resourced MMDAs
/Meta39 39 0 R In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, the debate on the nature and purpose of local government has been a long and at times better one. 4, Government Finances. /S /Transparency /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] In 2019, 4 percent of local government general revenue came directly from the federal government (e.g., federal funds for local transportation projects) and 31 percent came from state governments (the numbers do not sum to the total share from intergovernmental transfers because of rounding). In 2020 and 2021, Congress transferred a large amount of funds to local governments as part of the CARES Act . Revenue from property, sales, and other taxes totaled $707 billion, or 42 percent of general revenue. ^xQDe^w 83:Ou-5Eb73>#J!D/J& eXd3
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iO_D&:P1-?F_7#)96b_:Gz@otQ]5$F}f0d;N Transfers from the federal government have fluctuated considerably over the past three decades. /Meta50 52 0 R How does the tax system affect US competitiveness? What is foreign-derived intangible income and how is it taxed under the TCJA? /F1 20 0 R 1 0 obj
Financial management in Nigerian local government. /Image8 18 0 R Create new revenue streams. /Tabs /S As such, it should have a seat on the revenue committee as well as the authority to define roles and responsibilities to track the revenue generated across different municipalities. What is the new markets tax credit, and how does it work? As a result of these twin trends, a majority of the municipalities around the world are struggling to increase revenues while facing structural budget shortfalls that threaten service delivery and quality. The State's own budgetary issues have put a major strain on local government budgets across Illinois. Its time to change it,, Author Talks: The worlds longest study of adult development finds the key to happy living, The executives guide to new-business building, Generative AI is here: How tools like ChatGPT could change your business, Smart cities: Digital solutions for a more livable future, Dubai introduces innovation fees for government transactions,. x]s63|:oNg$8Sw}hKM7?.~Vb@g6v|Y,j]w2_~yv6IDltsLDI%:nCSq251Le,qGO2-y5E
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8E9"m @}_6l?\Lzw]$1%gVv!CBJi`UY! / /Type /Page Elected officials have four primary revenue sources, each containing multiple levers. (2022). /Image95 78 0 R /F1 20 0 R /F7 42 0 R endobj
But, communities are still facing a numerous difficulties in access to basic goods and services from local governments Authorities (Pradeep, 2011). /XObject << <>
/Image8 18 0 R Revenue generation in Nigeria local governments is principally derived from TAX. /Meta55 44 0 R How does the tax system subsidize child care expenses? xX8oANvfvV{9nv$&HZ
/4WU|y Y[|)|EB;$Oy,x>_$x/ an increment in revenue generation capacity of MMDAs (Ohemeng & OfosuDarkwah, 2014), the notion that egovernment enhances revenue capacity of state institutions is contentious and needs further investigation. /F5 40 0 R Why is the VAT administratively superior to a retail sales tax? /GS31 30 0 R 203 copies of the questionnaire were administered to staff of Ikorodu local government who were simple randomly selected of which 188 (92.6%) were retrieved while 15 (7.4%) copies were not retrieved. What transition rules would be needed for a national retail sales tax? It also excludes revenues from government's "business-like" activities such as water, gas, electricity, and transit utilities; government-run liquor stores; and government-administered insurance trusts such as employee retirement, unemployment compensation, and workers compensation systems. 5366 0 obj<>stream
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8. >> A simulation of 8,760 h year-round was performed for the provincial market containing the integrated generation plant without energy storage. 4 0 obj
What is the unemployment insurance trust fund, and how is it financed? For example, revenue KPIs could include the annual increase in revenue per lever, while nonrevenue KPIs could define targets for each lever and its corresponding interventions, such as the annual increase in the number of violations detected. 1 0 obj
incentive from a state or local government and are encouraged to claim the Advanced Manufacturing Investment Credit, a separate incentive administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service that provides a federal income tax credit for qualifying ca pital investments in a facility for which What are the benefits of return-free filing? It is therefore suggested that the level of economic dependence on coal widely varies, and some, but not all, local governments will require financial assistance after the coal phase-out. 'ocal governments in, over a number of years. Performance meetings should be scheduled on a weekly basis to track revenue generation and build ownership. A review of revenue generation in Nigeria local government: A case study of Ekiti State. Local government personnel can be trained to administer simple but adequate revenue generation instruments. Local revenue mobilization will be enhanced if local goverments and local Lucy Dadayan (reports are updated quarterly), Surveying State Leaders on the State of State Taxes /F6 41 0 R Los Angeles, for example, charges higher fees for expedited permitting and licensing processes. Much of the change in local government revenue relative to the economy resulted from increasing and decreasing transfers from federal and state governments. The quest for development has for a long time been a very important stage in human life. endobj /Tabs /S
Innovation is poverty reduction: The role of local government. And what is feasible to achieve? 2 0 obj
Our teams brought Axon to new heights in 2022 with the following major accomplishments: Strong financial results: In 2022, Axon delivered record revenue growth of 38% to $1.19 . x\KF+BGPpF^H bCfz(a11mGVV_faw1^o|mew5t'7=^$MDDRYTR7*::'W{o7/jBl\~?vM/ How are different consumption taxes related? 8
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This need underscores the eagerness on the part of state and local governments and even the federal government to look for Global Journals Inc. (USA). Unlocking the full potential of city revenues. Alao, D. O., & Alao, E. M. (2013). In addition, elected officials must strike a tricky balance between raising taxes and fees and maintaining public support. responsibilities in the federation. (*(%8H8c-
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