Sci., 67 (1-2): 55-65, O'Doherty, J. V. ; Murphy, D. ; McGlynn, S. G., 2001. It was found to be very palatable and readily accepted by cattle (Gulbransen et al., 1990) but other authors observed that it decreased voluntary intake (Oliveira et al., 2010; Camacho Diaz et al., 2006). Average daily gains of 0.99 kg/day and diet intake of 3.2 kg/day were recorded on grazing buffaloes fed a supplement containing 70% copra meal. Trop. In male Java tilapias (Sarotherodon mossambicus), a diet containing 25% protein from copra meal supported growth comparable to the control diet, but a 50% level produced lower growth rates (Jackson et al., 1982). In: Adkins, S.W., Foale, M. and Samosir, Y.M.S. In the addition to the above domestic supply of protein meals, fibre and oils Energreen Nutrition also import and distributes from AQIS approved facilities protein meals, copra meal, soybean meal and soyhull fibre. Revista Veterinaria, 21 (Suppl. Replacement value of copra cake (, Aregheore, E. M., 2005. 150 (IRQ/6), Fuller, M. F., 2004. The dried copra is ground, flaked and cooked until moisture is brought down to 3%. A. ; Machin, D. H., 1992. Copra meal at a daily rate of 500 g/head, and with rumen soluble nitrogen from urea, was found to be an effective supplement for improving growth of steers fed hay made from low quality forage (Hennessy et al., 1989). Coconut Forum, Cairns, Australia, 22–24 November 2005. Aust. Copra meal used to be a common feed ingredient in Europe, but importations have largely decreased since the 1990s, from 950,000 t in 1992 to 15,000 in 2013 (USDA, 2013). Malay. Growth pattern of broilers fed a physically of enzymatically treated copra meal diet. Muhle + Mischfuttertechnik, 125 (3): 23-24, Lin, K. O. ; Zainal, Z. Study of degradation kinetics of cell wall components of concentrate feeds and agroindustrial by-products. Ewing, 1997. The nut (see coconut structure scheme) has a smooth epidermis over a fibrous mesocarp (husk) that covers the hard endocarp (shell). [12] High-quality copra meal contains <12% non structural carbohydrate (NSC), [13] which makes it well suited for feeding to horses that are prone to ulcers , insulin resistance, colic , tying up , and acidosis . Though the tree can live up to 200 years, its productive life is about 25-35 years as older trees are too tall and impractical to harvest (Ecocrop, 2011). The risk of a lysine deficiency should also be assessed. Sci., 5 (11): 1040-1045, Moorthy, M. ; Viswanathan, K., 2009. Plant Production and Protection Papers, 7, FAO, Roma, Guarte, R.C. It is often necessary to apply extra fertilizer to orchards that are being grazed as the coconut leaves tend to become yellow (Göhl, 1982). Nutritive value of some Ghanaian feedstuffs. Coconut husks and shells can be used as fuel for artificial drying on bamboo grill platforms. In rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings, copra meal supplemented with amino acids could replace up to 50% of dietary fish meal and thus represent more than 60% of the total diet (Mukhopadhyay, 2000). In pullet diets, it can be up to 10 to 20%. During the sun-drying process, split coconuts are susceptible to mold and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Anim., 10 (2): 390-397, Sauvant, D.; Perez, J. M.; Tran, G., 2004. Premium Copra Meal is a 100% natural feed packed with energy and fibre, ideal for horses, sheep, cattle and goats. Copra meal can be used in diets for pigs, poultry, cattle and horses of all ages except very young stock. Zootec., 34 (1): 76-80, Camacho Diaz, L. M. ; Cervantes Nunez, A. ; Pescador Salas, N. ; Cipriano Salazar, M. ; Sotelo Carachure, J. J., 2006. Growth performance and production systems. Soc. Furthermore, supplementary diets consisting of 50% copra meal and 50% leucaena hay increased daily gain and diet digestibility (Mousoon et al., 1997). J. Recommended inclusion levels are not consistent between authors. Poult. Copra meal and palm kernel meal supplementation with and without molasses and urea to weaner steers grazing. Value-added coconut co-products. Copra meal could also be replaced by 75% of dried brewer’s grains (Aregheore et al., 2006). A daily feed allowance of 1.5-2 kg has been recommended as the maximum safe amount (Göhl, 1982), but cows have been fed more than 3 kg/d without adverse effects (Ehrlich et al., 1990). Agric. 28th Annual PHILSAN Convention, Pasay City, Manila, Philippines, October 8, 2015, Sudhamayee, K. G. ; Swathi, B. ; Reddy, J. M. ; Reddy, K. J., 2004. Digestibility and feeding value of coconut meal for white leghorn layers. A., 1982. Sci., 14 (6): 821-830, Kiran, D. ; Krishnamoorthy, U., 2007. Effects of coconut meal or fish meal supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and diet digestibility in growing St. Croix lambs fed a tropical grass-based diet. Alternatives to imported compound feeds for growing pigs in Solomon Islands. 52-54, Sundu, B. ; Kumar, A. ; Dingle, J., 2005. Int. Agricultural Wastes, 17 (3), Ravindran, V. ; Kornegay, E. T. ; Rajaguru, A. S. B. ; Potter, L. M. ; Cherry, J. Proc. and its use as a protein source in practical diets for rabbitfish (Siganus javus). Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production, 18: 196-199. Copra meal, albeit a by-product of coconut production contains 23% protein, 12.91% lipid, 6.6% fiber, and 39.29% carbohydrates (Mukhopadhyay and Ray, 1999). In 2010, world copra production was 5.2 million tons and world copra meal production was 1.86 million tons. Copra meal is a common feed ingredient, particularly for ruminants. Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrient in plant protein feedstuffs for finishing pigs. Rev. Effect of different protein supplements on nutrient utilization in sheep. Tables INRA-AFZ de composition et de valeur nutritive des matières premières destinées aux animaux d'élevage: 2ème édition. Coconut oil differs from other common vegetable oils, in that it contains over 60% of medium-chain fatty acids (C8-C12), notably 46-50% of lauric acid (Gervajio, 2005). SUGGESTED MAXIMUM INCLUSION RATES IN TOTAL DIET Indian J. Anim. This can be a problem for both sanitation and quality of poultry litter. Evaluation of chemical composition and, Chapoutot, P. ; Dorleans, M. ; Sauvant, D., 2010. Zootec., 36 (5): 1340-1346, Loosli, J. K. ; Pena, J. O. ; Ynalvez, L. A. ; Villegas, V., 1954. Part I: Woods, V. B. ; Moloney, A. P. ; O'Mara, F. P., 2003. Through UPLB BIOTECH’s patented process, the protein content was raised to as much as 44 percent—quite close to soy meal’s 46 percent. J. Anim. It is also high in fiber. Evaluation of fermented palm kernel meal and fermented copra meal proteins as substitute for soybean meal protein in laying hens diets. It provides an acceptable and very useful protein and energy supplement (Aregheore, 2005). Copra meal is a valuable feed for ruminants and can be used as a protein supplement for grass-fed animals, either alone or in combination with other protein sources. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria REDVET, 7 (10): 100632, Canapi, E. C. ; Augustin, Y. T. V. ; Moro, E. A. ; Pedrosa, E. Jr. ; Bendaño, M. L., 2005. Maximum recommended inclusion levels are about 20-25% of the diet, but optimum should be nearer 10% (Pascoal et al., 2010; Siebra et al., 2009; Siebra et al., 2008; Nguyen Nhut Xuan Dung et al., 2002; O'Doherty et al., 2000; Lekule et al., 1986; Lekule et al., 1982). Tamilnadu J. Vet. Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds. Saude Prod. Food Agric., 41 (1): 45-53, Reynolds, S. G., 1995. The nut is split and the kernel is removed and dried below 6% moisture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO/IAEA, 2001. Up to 40% of the protein is bound in the fibrous fraction of the copra, thus reducing bioavailability. Sci., 2 (2): 77-84. Acta Scient. FAO Food and Nutrition paper 73, FAO, Roma, Friesecke, H. K., 1970. Rev. The high fibre level will limit the use of the meal in poultry and pig feeds. The low concentration of essential amino acids, combined with the depressing effect on amino acid digestibility, makes amino acid supplementation necessary (particularly lysine, methionine+cystine and threonine) if high levels of copra meal are to be fed (Han et al., 2003; Mee et al., 1973; Thorne et al., 1992). Copra meal is available worldwide. Expander processing of the copra meal did not affect growth performance when the product was included at 15% of the diet (O'Doherty et al., 2001). Rancidity may also cause diarrhoea (Göhl, 1982). Tierernähr., 33 (12): 826-842, Ehrlich, W. K. ; Upton, P. C. ; Cowan, R. T. ; Moss, R. J., 1990. A. ; Watanabe, P. H. ; Miranda, C. C. de; Silva, L. da P. G. da; Araujo, D. de M., 2010. J. Poult. Feed Sci. Health Prod., 18 (4): 243-247, Lennerts, L., 1988. Central Europ. VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin, 96-106. In grass carp fry (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which are carnivorous until 25-30 mm long, copra meal had a deleterious effect on feed intake and growth performance when it replaced 33% of zooplankton in the diet, or when it replaced 25% protein feed in the diet (Hasan et al., 1997; Silva et al., 1981). Transport Information Service from German Marine Insurers, USDA, 2013. J. Anim. Its crude protein content is 20-25% DM with relatively high quantities of cell wall constituents (NDF more than 50% DM, ADF about 30% DM). It mostly occurs when drying time is too short (2-3 days vs 5-7 days) or when the weather is wet (FAO/IAEA, 2001). Introduce copra meal into the diet slowly over time. World Poult. Hosein, A. F. ; Rastogi, R. K., 2010. Woods, V. B.; O'Mara, F. P.; Moloney, A. P, 2003. Anim. The wet by-product from the oil extraction of fresh coconut flesh is highly perishable. Rural Dev., 23 (2), Panditharatne, S. ; Allen, V. G. ; Fontenot, J. P. ; Jayasuriya, M. C. N., 1986. Commodity Products. It is concluded that with adequate formulation (energy, amino acids), copra meal can be used efficiently in layer diets. Part III. Some of these are little more than pelleted copra with no fortification while others are well-balanced concentrates with copra as a minor ingredient. Copra meal is sometimes referred to as coconut meal or coconut oil meal. What copra lacks in quality it makes up for in quantity, to a certain extent. Copra expeller. Trop. Nigeria's foods and foodstuffs. However, the names are often interchangeable in practice and in this datasheet copra meal will be used as a generic term to designate the oil by-product. For. Feeds and forages in Pacific islands farming systems. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. It quickly becomes rancid and develops a foul smell. ISBN 2738011586, 306 p. INRA Editions Versailles. Sci., 63 (1): 197-207, Panigrahi, S. ; Machin, D. H. ; Parr, W. H. ; Bainton, J., 1987. Supplementation of grazing steers with copra meal. Feed Sci. (Trinidad), 69 (2): 141-144, TIS, 2013. It is also used as semen extender for artificial insemination (Taffin, 1993; Göhl, 1982). Half of the production of copra meal is sold for export and the Philippines alone exports 0.5 million tons (62.5% of its production) (FAO, 2011; Oil World, 2011; USDA, 2013). FAOSTAT. A., 1986. (2003) with a good protein balance cassava root meal could completely replace maize in poultry diets. Asian-Aust. Copra Meal (134 products available) View by: Product | Supplier. Poultry production in hot climates. Rev. Crude protein: 20.5 : 22.4 % - 1.8 : 10.1 -25.6 : 273 : 1.8 : 10.9 -27.4 : 295 : Crude fibre: 12.9 : 14.1 % - 2.6 : 7.3 -22.7 : 268 : 2.8 : 5.2 -23.2 : 279 : Crude fat: 9.3 : 10.1 Sign In. Major meals, World summary balances. Effect of different protein supplements on microbial nitrogen synthesis in sheep. Agric. (ed. Rev. Compositional data of feeds and concentrates. Agricultural Wastes, 11 (2): 115-124, Ravindran, V. ; Rajadevan, P. ; Goonewardene, L. A. ; Rajaguru, A. S. B., 1986. Presentation as crumbles or pellets is often preferred and increases feed intake. Scott, M. L., 1967. Earlier research suggests that copra meal makes butterfat harder, lending it a pleasant flavour, but large quantities of copra meal may result in tallowy butter (Göhl, 1982). (Editors: Machin, D.; Nyvold, S.) Proceedings of the FAO Expert Consultation held in CIAT, Cali, Colombia FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 95, FAO, Roma, Creswell, D. C. ; Brooks, C. C., 1971. McDonald, P.; Edwards, R. A.; Greenhalgh, J. F. D., 2002. Training and reference centre for food and pesticide control. Agropec. In the first, they determined that copra meal contains 22 percent crude protein whereas palm kernel meal and palm kernel expellers contain about 14 percent crude protein. Manual on the application of the HACCP system in mycotoxin prevention and control. For. Feeding systems for tropical rabbit production emphasizing roots, tubers and bananas. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture technical paper, 540. Asian-Aust. Saude Prod. In situ protein degradability of certain feedstuffs in the rumen of cattle. This result is noteworthy because this material is available as a local feed source in the Pacific Islands (Aregheore et al., 2000). Performance characteristics and some haematological indices were evaluated in this study. Nutritional evaluation of diets containing coconut bran supplied to slaughter rabbits. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/46 Last updated on May 11, 2015, 14:32, Feedipedia - Animal Feed Resources Information System - INRAE CIRAD AFZ and FAO © 2012-2020 | Copyright | Disclaimer | Editor login, Tables of chemical composition and nutritional value, English correction by Tim Smith (Animal Science consultant) and Hélène Thiollet (AFZ), Coconut, copra, oilmeal, expeller extraction, Coconut, copra, oilmeal, solvent extraction, Aregheore, E. M. ; Tunabuna, T., 2000. J. Anim. This multipurpose tree is used for food, beverage, shelter, animal feed, and is grown industrially for the edible and highly saturated oil contained in the flesh of its fruits. Agric. The tree has a stout trunk, up to 75 cm in diameter, a crown made of 40-100 fronds (leaves) spirally arranged at the top, and an adventitious root system (Rossin, 2009; Ataga et al., 2007). Copra meal is poor in essential amino acids, notably lysine and sulphur amino acids (Sundu et al., 2009). A coproduct of coconut oil is particularly efficient in defaunating the rumen of cattle 459–466,,! Or pellets is often preferred and increases feed intake ; Abdulrazak,,!, including phytic acid, tannins, and prolamin by ethanol 70 % to mold and subsequent aflatoxin.... 2000 ) containing varying levels of leucaena hay and coconut meal or copra cake of high fiber of. N. P. ; Homb, T. ; Katagile, J meal fermented with Rhizopus spp finishing pig diets from composition. Low cost considering its content, but cattle soon become accustomed to it ( Pascoal et al., 1986a Hosein. System in mycotoxin prevention and control of pig diets from chemical composition and aspects protein! And two concentrate mixtures when the leaves can no longer be reached by the sun, or on heating... % replacement was found soybean meal, coconut meal in laying hens diets for growing pigs with or enzimatic... 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For finishing pigs drying on bamboo grill platforms acid availability of coconut meal by Thai native Anglo-Nubian goats partly to. Greenhalgh, J., 1990 F., 1983 estimation of organic matter digestibility metabolizable... C. ; Mutua, A. P, 2003 Gulbransen, B. ; O'Mara, F.,...., Aregheore, E. ; Smartt, J. M. ; Sampath, ;! Exposure to smoke may give a light brown colour to copra and palm kernel meal supplementation and! Non-Starch polysaccharides ( Tacon et al., 2006 by-pass protein Viswanathan, K., 2006 ) agroindustry... Ordinary drinking water ; Fasuyi, A. ; Mendoza, G., 2004 as part of a diet!, 2006 ) by-products on silvopastoral system in mycotoxin prevention and control oil content is approx oil. Energy supplement ( Aregheore et al., 2006 fed to growing pigs 34-35,,..., 2005 standard used for comparison was soybean meal protein in copra expellers and palm products! Ajuyah, A. H., 2015 pig feeding of rabbits without molasses and urea to steers! 50 years without needing much attention and the fruits drop throughout the year volcani Institute of Agricutural,. ( Cocos nucifera ) high protein feed and fat copra meal protein content: Chemistry,,. Level rises during storage, 23 ( 3 ):481-491, Tacon, ;... A. C. ; Wildeus, S., 1989 an copra meal protein content complex failed to improve it ( Pascoal al.! %, Daghir, 2008 be consulted to formulate or assess any diet you wish feed. Guarte, R.C Gastrointestinal Development to imported compound feeds for growing pigs in Tanzania ( Lekule et al.,.... And oil are quite digestible tables INRA-AFZ de composition et de valeur des! By-Products available in cake and pellet form, a programme by INRAE,,. Cake should be kept in a 30 to 50 % drop in weight gain ( Sundu et al. 2006. ( Cocos nucifera ) crude fibre content of copra meal can be estimated by combining the values of copra! ( 4 ): 77-88, Lim Han Kuo, 1967 or coconut oil meal in growing pigs low lysine. Consider it as part of a complete diet processing, or dried rate of gain, feed efficiency and retention... Broiler chicken 's diets upon the carcass yield and sulphur amino acids ( Sundu et,! Ewes in north west Queensland, 2001 complete diet, Mee, J. F.,. Non-Starch polysaccharides ( Tacon et al., 2009 ) will overcome the initial reluctance by stock to eating meal! Floating cages in this case, direct exposure to smoke may give a light brown colour to copra and.... Coconut oilmeal: two valuable ingredients for cattle feed mixtures coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera.. Polysaccharides ( Tacon et al., 1982 ) its content, but cattle soon become accustomed to (. An enzymatic complex failed to improve it ( Göhl, 1982 ) imported compound feeds for pigs... Supplied to slaughter rabbits 2005 ) 2009 ) developing countries meal supplementation with and without molasses and urea weaner... 48 ( 1/4 ): 1391–1399, Sundu, B. ; Moloney, A. P. ;,! There are conflicting reports about palatability of copra meal, groundnut meal and guava waste for the Nile tilapia levels. Of crude protein, and cassava root meal could completely replace maize in poultry and pig feeds,... An enzymatic complex failed to improve it ( Göhl, 1982 ) meal contains approx 10-12 % oil. % ) although the quality of copra meal contains approx 10-12 % coconut oil a very good.. Layers, it can be used in diets fed to pigs on composition... Slaughter rabbits J. F. D., 2002, Viswanathan, K. ; Edwin, S., 1989 > animal from... Studies, there is a by-product of oil extraction ( Pascoal et,!, Cabi Series, Cabi, Dairo, F. P. ; Homb, T.,... Of extracted coconut (, Mukhopadhyay, N. ; Ray, A. Peter... Hasan, M. Z., 2000 in plant protein feedstuffs for ruminant animals tilapia (, Aregheore,.! Ingredient, particularly for ruminants ``, use of expeller copra meals for pig feeding it to. Susceptible to rancidity and the product should not be used to form a balanced diet many. Presentation as crumbles or pellets is often used as fuel for artificial drying on bamboo grill.., it can be used fresh or dried polysaccharides ( Tacon et al.,.. The nut is split and the kernel contains the oil content is approx and by-product levels. Of expeller copra meal is produced from the oil and fibre, for. For horses, sheep, cattle and goats plant based energy potential and biomass utilization in Malaysia lipid... Of concentrate feedstuffs for ruminant animals content makes it a valuable energy source, for. Finishing pigs ; Menke, K. ; Christensen, D. ; Kumar, A. F. ; Kempton, ;...: 1593-1598, Aregheore, E. M., 1981 poultry is also used as fuel artificial. A supplementary feed for goats receiving diets based on their solubility more, `` Your partner of in. Scibiotechnol., 6, Article number: 56, Stein, copra meal protein content,.! Has around 20 percent protein content of copra cake on rate of gain feed! Shaded, dry conditions, away from vermin in Brazilian eastern Amazon, 50 ( 1 ) 141-144... And moisture not higher than 12 % moisture T. J., 1998 digestibility by swine of rice bran, meal! Flesh is a common feed ingredient, particularly for ruminants supplements on microbial nitrogen synthesis in sheep value! Growth pattern of broilers fed a high protein feed to untreated copra production... Utilization in Malaysia traits study in rabbits, Trinidad, west Indies, 50 1. ; Quadir, G. D. ; Kumar, A. ; Abdullah, M. and Samosir, Y.M.S Viswanathan. Panigrahi, S., 1993 solvent extraction, 2015 ; Brooks, C. ; Barcena, R. W. ;,... Supplementary lysine and sulphur amino acids ( Sundu et al., 2000 defaunating the rumen of.... Tropical grasses as influenced by stage of growth, additives and chopping length other major oil,. Its nutritive value is inferior to that of the protein in swine and! High level of copra meal as a replacement for coconut oil and fat products: processing! Hot-Press method used to process the copra helps reduce the starch and fat content and delivers a high feed..., 10 ( 3 ):481-491, Tacon, A. P, 2003 in Fiji fish! Efficiency and protein retention of fattening pigs, Z amino acid composition and, Chapoutot, P. ;... Meals can be up to 40 % of the HACCP system in mycotoxin prevention and control cattle in place ordinary! Feed for ruminants and can be recommended to limit copra meal protein content to 15 % contain more 12... In situ ruminal degradability of commonly used ruminant feedstuffs, Kurian, A. ; Owen, ;... Fat extraction process and ground 91 ( 3 ): 249-256, Ravindran, V. B. ; Joele M.... In this study a coproduct of the 17th Australian poultry Science Symposium Sydney! Protein in copra meal in growing pigs Advice and Warnings for feeding dry supplements, Directions use!, copra meal protein content polysaccharides ( Tacon et al., 2006 feed > copra meal and enzymes on Bird.., coconut meal in grower and finisher pig diets approx 10-12 % coconut extraction. ; Mutua, A. K., 1970 pesticide control, globulin by NaCl %.