German propagandists feared the triple loss might be too damaging to morale. He captured the number one German U-boat ace Otto Kretschmer (whose Zeiss binoculars he took and used for the rest of the war); in the same battle, he directed the attack that killed the second-scoring ace Joachim Schepke. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. Kretschmer purportedly confined his remarks to the lack of air support from the Luftwaffe, a point Raeder was fully aware of. [6] Kretschmer was present for gunnery exercises in the North and Baltic Sea. . The boat returned to Wilhelmshaven on 4 September. 3099067 Unfortunately, his mother died from tetanus after a medical incident, so he returned home to be with his family. Kretschmer was soon missed and the U-boat surfaced to find him before he succumbed to the cold. [67] During a counterattack by the escorts U-99 was disabled after repeated depth charge attacks by the destroyers Walker and Vanoc. [72], Once in London, Royal Navy interrogators questioned the crew. [26] Kretschmer's next success came in the Inganess Bay, Kirkwall, where he attacked and sank the Danish 10,517GRT tanker Danmark on 12 January 1940[27] while she lay at anchor. Kretschmer experienced 1871), a Germanborn naturalised Briton. [54], Kretschmer departed for his fifteenth patrol on 27 November and returned on 12 December. Read more: Devon father and son inspired Hollywood film after disappearing searching for lost city of Z. U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping in eight patrols. A detachment of the Home Guard apprehended him, shooting him when he tried to escape. 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Death: November 08, 1981 (85) Millicent, South Australia, Australia. In the same year, Fregattenkapitan Kretschmer returned to service in the . He was aware that the battleship was in the Home Fleet anchorage at Scapa Flow and he was formulating a way to enter and sink the ship. In fact, out of 116 torpedoes fired in action, Kretschmer scored 74 hits (equivalent to a 69.8% success rate). [6] During another torpedo training course at Flensburg-Mrwik (27 September 21 December 1934), Kretschmer received his commission as Leutnant zur See (Junior Sub-Lieutenant/Ensign) on 1 October 1934. Otto Kretschmer - nicknamed 'Silent Otto' by his enemies - sank hundreds of thousands of tons of Allied shipping during a brutal U-boat campaign, Sign up for our Exeter newsletter and you'll never miss a big story again. He was the fifth member of the German armed forces to be so honored. a legeredmnyesebb nmet tengeralattjr-parancsnok volt a msodik vilghborban. I am grateful to the late Horst Bredow and Peter Monte at the Deutsches U-Boot-Museum for providing access to the unpublished records of U23 and U99. Geleitgeschwader (1st Escort Squadron) which he commanded from 3 January to 15 October 1957. He studied under Professor Jacob Wilhelm Schopp, a Germanborn naturalised Briton who took him under his wing, but rather than study science, he chose literature. The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. He assumed most of the crew went down with the ship; but there were 159 survivors. Heinrich Bleichrodt hit and sank two. At Eckernfrde on the 25/26 July 1934 Hitler boarded the ship to observe the exercise. [50] 51 men died aboard Laurentic, 367 survived. Thistle was sunk weeks later by U-4. In later years, Kretschmer was often interviewed for television and radio programmes - including an appearing in the landmark British 1974 documentary series The World at War. With this result, Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has reached . He met Adolf Hitler on more than once occasion, even having lunch with the Fhrer. He then sank the 5,200-ton cargo ship Tiberton the Loch Maddy, weighing 5,000 tons. In this work, Kretschmer's success is appraised through the analysis of the key . [9] Kretschmer's first operational experience on a submarine was as a lieutenant on the U-35 in 1937 as first watch officer under the command of Klaus Ewerth and then Hans-Rudolf Rsing. A special thank you to Gertrud Kassel for sharing her family records about the history of U99, including many unpublished photos. Schnee had the con and OTTO was in his bunk. When a U-Boat returned from patrol, almost any and all U-Boats, the Skipper, officers, and crew were in great haste to head for the recreation areas where there was plenty of wine, women, song or whatever. Suddenly one of the men spotted him and yelled the alarm and Captain MacIntyre stopped the ship. One hugely successful patrol saw him sink the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring with a solitary torpedo, before speeding off into the night undetected. He then moved to a Realgymnasium (secondary school). Laurentic of 18.724 brt and H.M.S. Under water U-99 had no chance of catching her. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. At the time, Kretschmer . [7] During this assignment, Kretschmer was promoted to Oberfhnrich zur See (Senior Midshipman) on 1 April 1934. He had to return to port to repair the damage. In Otto configuration, the layer 2 of thickness e is dielectric and the metal is the third . [70], Kretschmer and his crew were landed in Liverpool. With no time to return to the hatch, Kretschmer clung on to the periscope and waved at it frantically, hoping to be spotted. His father, a teacher, decided to send him to the UK, and Exeter was his destination. 1999-2020 Sharkhunters International. Something went wrong, please try again later. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British officers than was his First Lieutenant. Otto Kretschmer Fregattenkapitn ( Crew 30) U-boat Commands Kptlt. A single torpedo was fired, then Kretschmer ordered a u-turn and sped away on the surface; the destroyers neither sighted him nor detected him with ASDIC. This included key points such as only firing one torpedo per ship, attacking at close range, staying on the surface for as long as feasible, and rescuing as many survivors as possible. Leather strap partially torn from case.- 2) Tasco 7x35 fully coated 304. During this command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See (captain at sea/captain) on 12 December 1958. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. The boat slipped beneath the waves, leaving him stranded in freezing waters. The crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack was over. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. [37] After sinking Magogthe submarine's first victimKretschmer gave the crew a bottle of brandy and directions to Ireland. [18] Kretschmer served in this function until 18 June 1964 when he was appointed chief-of-staff of the Befehlshaber der Seestreitkrfte der Nordsee (German national Commander Naval Forces North Sea). The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. The report contained the remark, "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. His first operational posting was to the 2nd U-Flotillas Type VII U35 where he survived almost being drowned during training in the Baltic Sea. Studies in Marine Corps History and Amphibious Warfare, Studies in Naval History and Sea Power series. One may read of all the great accomplishments by this outstanding gentleman in many places some accurate, some merely hoping they are close to being accurate and on some forums just plain fantasy. Patroclus of 11.314 brt as well as the armed Britsish merchantman Casanare of 5.376 brt. The building was located at number 8 Kensington Palace Gardens. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War . [2] His father was a teacher at the local Volkschule (primary school), which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921. On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship. He was called Silent Otto because he refused to make the fiery, bombastic political speeches as many other German war heroes did. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. Lawrence Paterson has spent many years researching aspects of German naval operations and has written more than ten books on various aspects of the Kriegsmarein, including Schnellboote and Hitler's Forgotten Flotillas. Otto Kretschmer. The people were all seated at their tables in the dining room and COOPER was table-hopping to make sure that everything was going well. The ship was accompanied by three other vessels, but she was darkened and the black out aroused Kretschmer's suspicions. At the time, Kretschmer was president of the Deutscher Marinebund, a member club of the International Maritime Confederation. were transferred off and sent to Commanders School so they could command their own boats and KRETSCHMER asked for battle experienced officers as replacements. Kretschmer was born in Heidau near Neisse, then in the German Empire on 1 May 1912 to Friedrich Wilhelm Otto and Alice (ne Herbig) Kretschmer. [25] The Norwegian Fredville, only 1,150GRT was sunk on 11 January 1940 without warning. Later in the war, his ship was torpedoed; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming a U-boat. There were two reasons for this; Knights Cross with Oak Leaf and Crossed Swords, There would be nine diamonds forming the Swastika, All the time this was going on, as the pair ran, Why you never saw him with the traditional . There was still chivalry at sea then and HMS WALKER went dead in the water, dropped over the scramble nets and began pulling the German sailors from the water. They tried commander Hans-Joachim Rahmlow, in absentia, and U-570's other officers. [56] Laurentic and Patroclus had been loaded with wooden barrels to increase buoyancy. Kretschmer joined the German navy at eighteen years of age, which is interesting since many young, German men avoided service in the navy. [62] Kretschmer attempted a surface night attack using his favourite tactic. Prien's reports were picked up by the Luftwaffe which sent Focke-Wulf Fw 200s from I. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG4040th Bomber Wing) to attack the convoy. The docking fenders are being lowered at the sides of the boat while approaching the dock. Sir Donald even returned the binoculars he had taken from Kretschmer when he was captured. [35] U-99's first patrol ended in Wilhelmshaven on 25 June. "On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. [57] On 7 December 1940, Kretschmer sank the Dutch freighter Farmsum; the last success of the year. [20], On 2 April 1940, after eight patrols on U-23, Kretschmer was ordered to the Germaniawerft, the shipbuilding works in Kiel, for construction training of the new Type VIIB U-99. Hermann Michahelles, Otto Kretschmer became commander of U-35 until 15 August 1937. Laurentic and Patroclus were attacked on the night of 3/4 November. On 16 June 1956, he was tasked with the creation of 1. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. Kretschmer was guided onto convoy OB-191. [69] He then sent a message to BdU, "Two destroyersdepth charges50,000 tonsKretschmer. [42], Four days later Kretschmer began his eleventh patrol which concluded on 5 August. U-99 tried in vain to assist Prien in U-47, against OB290. [18] Further patrols took U-23 around the British coast. The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Only five survived. It took nine torpedoes and one dud to sink them; the latter was sunk after it stopped to pick up survivors from the former. I obey the rules. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. While working on the deck gun, the boat suddenly dived. The Reichsmarine was renamed the Kriegsmarine, a Nazi creation. "[3] Kretschmer was too young to enlist at 17 and his father sent him to England to broaden his horizons. The establishment of the Wehrmacht (Nazi German Armed Forces) in 1935 divided the major branches of the armed forces. The ships were protected by an escort group of two destroyers, Wolverine and Verity, and two corvettes, Arbutus and Camellia. Three days later he departed for his seventh war patrol. German aircraft bombed and sank it three days later. The U-boot commanded by Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has sunk the two British auxiliary cruisers H.M.S. Patroclus lost 56 crew; 230 survived. These excerpts are from that first interview and you can hear some of the hubbub in the . He was being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training. Kretschmer learned its identity from frantic radio signals. The sound of the depth charges nearby rattled von KNEBELand he dived the boat! "He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship.". This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. [55] Forfar was one, and during the sinking HMS Viscount appeared, forcing Kretschmer to dive. 1939 szeptembertl, 1941 mrciusban bekvetkez fogsgba essig, 47 hajt sllyesztett el, melyeknek egyttes vzkiszortsa 274 333 tonna volt. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. Otto Kretschmer is a tall, very polite man with an air of gentle formality. Otto Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine. COOPER stated that KRETSCHMER was one of the absolutely finest men he had ever known totally honest and honorable. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: One Torpedo, One Ship: An appraisal of Otto Kretschmers U-boat tactics, 19391941, /doi/full/10.1080/00253359.2021.1898209?needAccess=true. His school report contained the remark: "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. He loved his time in Exeter, mastering English and developing a huge respect for the British and their way of life. The 28-ship convoy was poorly defended by a destroyer and a corvette. Kretschmer's strength was evidently failing in the cold ocean; his own rescue was at the hands of a British sailor who climbed down the nets and plucked him from the water. Incredibly though, this war hero, who was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross - Germany's highest award for gallantry - had lived in Exeter before the war while he studied at the city's university. [21] The next day, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the Moray Firth. COOPER returned to the bus, instructed everyone to check into their room then come right down to the dining room for the evening meal. Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941", Newspaper clippings about Otto Kretschmer, Telegraph On-line edition, February 4, 2008, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kretschmer&oldid=1125960308, Efficient lookouts are of prime importance, It is essential not simply to spot the target, but to spot it in good time, Lone ships should be attacked on the surface with gunfire in order to save expensive torpedoes, Survivors should be assisted when possible, Convoys should be attacked in daylight only if it is not feasible to wait for nightfall, Attack at night from the dark side of the convoy, so that the target is silhouetted and the submarine is in shadow, When there is little or no moonlight, attack from the windward side (to avoid a visible white bow-wave when motoring into the wind), Fire one torpedo per target, not fanned salvoes, Once an attack is launched, do not submerge except in circumstances of dire necessity. 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Bdu, `` Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances ] U-23 returned to in! ] Further patrols took U-23 around the British and their way of life the shortest possible.! They could command their own boats and Kretschmer asked for battle experienced officers as replacements Farmsum... Contained the remark, `` Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances a tall, very polite man an! Knebeland he dived the boat same year, Fregattenkapitan Kretschmer returned to port to the! The Kretschmer March out aroused Kretschmer 's suspicions they could command their own boats and Kretschmer asked for battle officers! His ship was torpedoed ; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming U-boat! For the British and their way of life partially torn from case.- 2 ) Tasco 7x35 coated! Australia, Australia 70 ], Kretschmer sank the Dutch freighter Farmsum ; the last of! 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