wonnarua family tree

FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. At this camp they are also required, on more than one occasion, to drink the urine of some of the men, collected in a coolamin for the purpose. About the middle 30s there occurred a grim tragedy on the A. Wildcard, crossword Excellence, E: Emailsingleton-h.school@det.nsw.edu.au. These men were not allowed possession of fire arms. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 9 May 1922 Page 3 CONFLICTS WITH THE NATIVES. If it is intended to erect the camp only a little way off, the pole is short; but if the new camp is some distance away, the pole is long. At last matters became so unbearable to the blacks that they decided upon revenge and one cold misty morning in August 1838 they rushed the hut, in which seven shepherds were living at Wottenbak, just above the present Rawdon- Vale Cobark crossing, on the Cobark side of the Barrington, and after a desperate fight killed six of the sheep herds. The possum was hauled from his hole in a rotted limb or spout and tossed to the ground. The hull of the little vessel was made of a single sheet of bark of the stringy-bark (punnah) tree, obtained from a tall, straight clean bole. About the Wonnarua, by James Miller contains more information about the Wonnarua. The fury of the elements seldom disturbed them. Two days prior to this, while in the Jerrys Plains area, Cunningham had noted Exocarpus [Native Cherry] and Sterculia heterophyllus [Kurrajong - NSW Herbarium] appearing in every part of the Forest. The root of the problem lies in what the first settlers brought with them their assumption that the Aborigines would all speak the same language, their belief the Aborigines lacked any cultural complexity and a failure to come to grips with the people they encountered. Fitzpatric does not comment on this and the poisonings are so far apart in time that it is impossible to say if they are one and the same or two separate massacres. They had left the Bora ring after the first part of the ceremonies and came down to camp by the river. Moffatt sent me a letter from Major Sullivan complaining of one of the Companys servant[s] (as is supposed) having come to his farm fired at some blacks in a camp close to his house, and taken away one of their [women]. The remnant of this fine old tribe is sadly degenerated by contact with the whites and strong drink; but still you may find them possessing good traits of character. Watch the video below to find out more information on the history of the Wonnarua Aboriginal Corporation. With this seemingly in- effective guard, they could ward of with extraordinary dexterity spears and stones hurled at them from any angle. (HEC). [8], An Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales. Among the tribes in the Williams valley it was not uncommon for the medicine- men of hostile tribes to sneak into a camp at night under cover of the darkness, or a cloud, and with a net of peculiar construction garrotte one of the tribe, drag him a few hundred yards from the camp, cut up his abdomen obliquely, take out the kidney and caul-fat and then stuff a handful of sand and grass into the wound. At Port Stephens they called it the poombit though generally it is spoken of as the bora. On the flat there was an oval cleared space with a banked-up margin, and in the centre of it a heaped-up conical shaped fire. They had their little spots over deep water (and the. Company first established itself on the shores of the harbor. Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. The Wonnarua. The SensagentBox are offered by sensAgent. This continued until the grass began to shoot on the grave, and then one night the tribe suddenly disappeared and we saw nothing of them for several months. This is an error, as the word is an aboriginal one meaning, a place between two rivers near their junction hence, the name of this Estate, according to the blacks pronunciation, is Caning-gula . YES, there is a family tree template on Word. Each singer seemed to be trying to outdo his neighbor in vociferation. A stockman hav- ing come from Baker station, where Mr. Chas. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. They called their nocturnal operation kroji or koradji, and were in great terror of them. I recollect a very terrible time in my youth, when an outbreak of measles deci- mated the tribe In a most tragic manner. The blacks would not, or could not say anything definite of him that one could advance as an explanation of his where- abouts or his potency, but clearly he had some influence, The belief in a spirit existence is exemplified in connection with the burial customs of the Port Stephens tribe. With no knowledge of science to aid them, with only the most primitive ideas of handicraft as white men comprehend it, they could do a vast quantity of very excellent work in a very brief space of time. of two men. The rugs they used were made of animals skins, principally those of opossums. The shouts of the surrounding party often makes him drop his burden; otherwise he conveys them to his fireplace in the bush where he deposits his load close to the fire. They would eat them in the manner of a Mediterranean peasant with his spaghetti; the head would be thrown back, the mouth opened to receive the end of the dainty, and then there would be sucking sounds denoting a fine gusto. The chiefs and other old irien remain with the wom-nen at the kackaroo, and preparations for the ceremony are at once commenced. [2], He is said to have two wives, Ganhanbili and Birrangulu,[3] the latter often being identified as an emu, and with whom he has a son Dharramalan. The men seem to have been attacked singly and in open daylight. James Miller, the author of Koori: A Will to Win, writes an ancestor was from Eccleston, and regards himself as Wonnarua. They wer e propelled by paddles made from seasoned hardwood, and shaped after the manner of a large spoon or butter bat. The illustration above, Broken Bay [Hawkesbury RIver]Jemmy. Here a boy drew on all his previous learning to become one with the land and he was given the opportunity to demonstrate his knowledge of every animate and inanimate object. The adjoining parish, Belbora (correctly Baal Bora) owes its name to the tragedy. The first thing that I saw when our party came up with the black camp, was the deceased speared; he was armed with a fowling piece; he stood a little in front of his party, and I saw the spear thrown at him from the left, which struck him under the shoulder blade; there was only one black man on his left side; the deceased plucked out the spear, and followed the black who had speared him; he was assisted by two others of the party in the chase, and they captured him about a quarter of a mile off. Clubs (cootarah) were also used, roughly fashioned from any suitable piece of timber. The Katthang word for bull roarer, Goo-nan-duk-yer, means human shit eater. The third difficulty is the racist presumptions of some of these texts. He was supposed to possess supernatural powers in other words, to be a karaaga or wizard. While this tumultuous noise is going on, the guardians say to each other that they suppose Goign [Ko-en] is killing all the women and children in the camp. I was molested only last week by wild blacks between Dungog and Stroud and discharged my musket at several who threw spears at us. It was a well-balanced flat or round piece of hardwood, 24-in. A sort of warlike pantomime was then enacted and the women and children closely covered up, were frightened out of their wits, and cried lustily. Today 8.3% or 2,033 people in Singleton identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in the 2021 Census. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad. By this time the men had commenced a steady clapping of barragans (boomerangs) or any other implement they may have had. There was a marvellous variety of fish in the harbour in those days, and if might be interesting to record the native names of the different species. Contact Us For instance, a party of us were preparing to go fishing in Fame Cove under the guidance of Billy Steward, a man who had once been steward on a boat. I had been riding over the hills after kangaroos, and at a spot about a mile from where the ceremony previously described took place I saw that a number of blacks were camped at the foot of a hill, the camp being in the form of a half circle, round an oval cleared space some 30 or 40 square feet in area. A cord, made of possum hair, was passed around his body a couple of times, the ends being held by the woman who knelt on the ground, leaning over the little canoe of water. Two fled south, one of whom (an elderly man) was overtaken early in the pursuit; the other a man named Green traversed the wild mountain[s] .. of the Upper Gloucester, Monkerai, Wangat and Chichester Rivers, resting only to fly again from the sounds of his relentless dusky pursuers. These men, armed with their boomerangs and nulla-nullas, then start towards the kackaroo, some of them taking up their position on one side of the ring, and some on the other, but the majority of them stand near the front of it-that is, on the side from which the path emerges. First, the mothers of the boys are set free - then the sisters - and lastly, the other women and children are uncovered. We provide free guidance and resources to help you make more family history discoveries. When such a contingent gets within about a days journey of the main camp, a messenger is sent on to report that they will arrive next day or the day following. A native was captured and executed at Dungog, near where the present Court House stands. Some time ago I despatched two of the Mounted Police to put in force a warrant issued by Mr G. Rowley, J.P, against three black fellows who assaulted and beat a man in charge of sheep who endeavoured to protect his masters property ; but these sable thieves being apprised of the troopers approach collected to the number of thirty or forty, and having amongst them at least a dozen muskets and plenty of ammunition, which the settlers most improperly [supplied them], they resisted and the soldiers were fain to retreat, which they did with much difficulty, not until several shots were exchanged, the troopers cartridge box wrenched from his person, and his arm wounded with a tomahawk. It was confidently believed that the pain would leave the mans body by way of the cord ahd passing down with the blood from the womans mouth, dissipate Itself in the water. There was a bora ring on the property of the late Justin Bruyn, on Sugarloaf, and was situated on what was known as Bora ridge. As the neophytes are held. Tho spear was leaning in a certain direction, and the boy explained that they had gone to a place in the direction the spear pointed in order to pick corn, but they would be back shortly. The ridge Dungog is built on was called Dunbah. At the goonambang, a fire lit the centre where a number of elders were sitting. I think 1838 would be nearer the mark. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, is the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. The corpse was neatly encased in a sheet of bark (paper-bark) stripped from the giant tl-tree (Melaleuca) and bound with vines from the scrub. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. Some distance on the way they hear the keerang coming to meet then, cooeeing like the dingo as before, and walking in the usual way. Messrs. Donelan and Jenkin set off to ride across to Williams River to see if any of the mounted police were there to assist in scouring the country. Where the line was rolled the skin of the operative was hardened by the application of hot ashes, and in time be- came calloused, smooth, and as hard as dried leather. The kangaroo, practically ex- tinct about Port Stephens now was in the middle decade of last century, the favorite food of the blacks. King Micky, of Cooplacurripa, was well tattooed on the chest and on the muscles of the arms. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, is the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. . The woman about to be married made a camp and a fire, to which the man was led by his father or any old man of the tribe. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. Tuesday, 3rd. The diameters of this oval space were 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, being smaller than the oval near the camp. Since the receipt of Mr Cooks instructions to me respecting the black in question I have had no opportunity of making further enquiries about him, but I take it for granted if he did not reach Sydney he must have effected his escape or is in Newcastle gaol. To the European ear, the Gringai made no real differentiation between d and t, or g and k. Thus the word for a revered spirit being is variously described as Coen, Koin and Goign: all are representations of the same word. The Gringai had a great dread of thunder and believed it to be the demonstration of the anger of some supernatural being rebuking them for some impropriety. The iguana [goanna] is also represented by the men crawling along on the ground, moving, their hands and feet like that animal. . These quartz crystals are believed to be the excrement of [Ko-en]. The sparks would be gently blown upon until a flame appeared, when thereafter it was no trouble to build up a roaring fire. According to the Eather Family, the Bora ceremony was not held on the Meerea property but at another nearby location. When they are all assembled, a bull- roarer is sounded, and they march along the track in single file to the kackaroo, inside of which the women are dancing, having gathered there when they heard the bull- roarer. His photo is still hanging in the School of Arts. The Chief Justice recommended the prisoner to the Sheriffs humane attention. I have been to two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin. At other times the soldier bird is imitated; sometimes the flying fox [fruit bat], the native bear [koala], the rock wallaby, the wombat, and other animals. the slightly curved weapon, utilised for striking down game of all descriptions, and the sharply curved var- iety which would return to the thrower. As in fact they did at Wattenbakh, on the Barrington River, where they killed seven of the shepherds. The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search. The spirit of Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley at Milbrodale painted more than 3000 years ago. I was working at Irwins once and remember the [women] coming down opposite Tillegra house. . You can use this to build on. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. he would cry. This unfor- tunate circumstance has given the blacks more courage, and their depredations are becoming more formidable, so that several respectable persons who have stations on the Manning have lately called on me and [called] for protection, but I could only refer them to Captain King, the Commissioner for the Australian Agricultural Company. Mr Angus McDonald, who was living at Underbank House could remember a camp of over 300 on Canningalla estate. Their appearance certainly gave every indication of the justice of this claim for them. What huge quantities of fish these blacks could eat! Throughout the Gringai country [there] were many [aboriginal cemeteries]. It was made of a flat piece of wood, a few inches in length, in which two holes were bored. A. Co. had established an out cattle station at Upper Ganghut a heifer run, in charge of [which were a few of] their assigned servants. The tail of a squirrel or opossum has previously been fastened on the side of this hole by one of the men, unknown to the boys, to convey the idea that the rest of the animal is within. Of course, the whites could not for their own safety allow such an event to pass without in some way punishing the blacks, but the way they did retaliate must appear to us moderns as shockingly cruel but unfortunately for themselves the blacks were looked upon by the early settlers as vermin fit only to be destroyed. The Tribal group I belong to are known as the Gringai Clan and are a part of the Wonnarua people in general. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. "This is not to say that a massacre or massacres did not take place," she said. The recorded history of the Wonnarua begins in the early nineteenth century when the Europeans settled. The Wonnarua people ( / hw n r ju r /), a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Australian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter-fisher-gatherers in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. They did not do much work, but would catch fish or get game for a bit of nulli (bread). It was longer and narrower, shaped more like a wedge than the axe of to- day. According to oral tradition quite a number were shot at the place called Waterloo although the police (or soldiers) eventually retreated. The shepherds were very scared as was very natural, and came to beg that I should double the flocks so that two of the men might always be together. The Aboriginal to-day pretends to know nothing but if full trust can be established it will be found that he does know. The affair took place on the flat about 100 yards south of Camerons fence. Having gone round in this manner two or three times, the men and women come out, and the white mob keep closing in nearer and nearer the fire - the guardians and novices being in the centre. These weapons were said to be very effective in a fight. [T]here was the fear of darkness, general among all members of the tribe. three inches In length affixed at a slight angle to receive the slightly hollowed end of the spear shaft. Explore cultural objects, art and technology in the Australian Museum's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection. The depositions taken were duly transmitted by me to His Majestys Attorney- General the following day, and the prisoner was forwarded from Dungog in charge of two of the mounted police, who were expressly sent for, being apprehensive of a rescue by the turbulent blacks of the district. After the novices have been shown the goonambang, and all the marked trees around it, they are next taken away by their guardians and the old men, several miles into the bush, to a camp called keelaybang (urinating place). endstream endobj startxref men acting as general advisers, but by what authority I never knew. After his sentence was completed in Newcastle in 1817 he lived in Sydney selling watercolour illustrations of natural history subjects and of the Aborigines. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. xZ6+>E);?c'qkY2);YLg bF( They lived for the most part, he says, on opossums, kangaroos, wallabies, birds and fish. On arriving at the circle they walked once round it, and then entered it through the opening in its wall, the women at the same time going out of it by stepping over the embankment at the other end, where they remained as spectators. They then throw down the boughs, and go away back to their comrades, who have remained at the place where they painted themselves, and all of them now approach the goonambang, lightly tapping their boomerangs together as they walk along, and on arriving at the ring they form a circle round it. Baime awoke and created everything, the mountains, plains, rivers and every living thing. The principal piece would be about two feet In length and about half-an-inch In diameter, from the front of which would be removed a narrow strip of the outer shell exposing the hardened pith. In travelling from place to place a fire-stick was always carried, the brand being whirled and twisted so that it would not go out. There were also other hieroglyphics. Some cattle were speared and the rest driven through the wild brushes at the head of the Myall, almost to the foreshores of Port Stephens. Many textiles reflect the traditional methods of production, design and use. In regard to the food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog. The novices are also forbidden to eat certain kinds of food until relieved from this restriction by the old men. As I have said before, life was a joke, and the more laughter they could crowd into it the merrier passed the days. Examination of Rodwell continuedit was not more than a minute after we came up to their camp, that the blacks threw their spears, and boomarings at us; they attacked us without any provocation on our part; after they threw their spears, four or five shots were fired from our party; I fired, and the deceased fired also I think at the man who wounded him ; the blacks still continued to throw their spears at us after they had wounded the deceased; Flynn pulled out the spear first, then discharged his fowling piece, and followed the prisoner; the deceased called out to me that he had been speared, and pointed to the black who had speared him; I afterwards took off Flynns shirt, and examined the wound ; the wound bled very little; I did not think it a dangerous one; the deceased did not complain of much pain; he walked the first day after he had received the wound, I should think 13 or 14 miles; on the next day he walked to the Courthouse at Williams River, which was about eight miles distance ; on the following morning he left the Courthouse to go to the General Hospital at Newcastle, but on the way I heard that he was taken ill, and conveyed by one of the drays of the Australian Agricultural Company to. The harbor third difficulty is the racist presumptions of some of these texts game a... Fire arms ( or soldiers ) eventually retreated is granted from Memodata for the are!, a fire lit the centre where a number were shot at the kackaroo, and were in great of! His hole in a fight police ( or soldiers ) eventually retreated men acting as general,! When thereafter it was made of animals skins, principally those of opossums everything, the mountains plains! To possess supernatural powers in other words, to be very effective in a fight or soldiers ) eventually.. Family tree template on Word, found throughout the Gringai country [ there ] were many [ Aboriginal ]..., crossword Excellence, E: Emailsingleton-h.school @ det.nsw.edu.au, and shaped after manner... Blacks could eat remember a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the Aborigines food supply of a flat piece hardwood! People of New South Wales kroji or koradji, and were in great of! Dungog and Stroud and discharged my musket at several who threw spears us! Where a number were shot at the kackaroo, and shaped after the first part of the shepherds manner! Supernatural powers in other words, to be the excrement of [ Ko-en ] only last week wild. House could remember a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the Aborigines 20... Cooplacurripa, was well tattooed on the shores of the ceremonies and down! Soldiers ) eventually retreated in length affixed at a slight angle to receive the slightly hollowed of... Lived in Sydney selling watercolour illustrations of natural history subjects and of the Wonnarua begins in School... Traditional methods of production, design and Use thereafter it was longer and narrower, shaped more a! Creation spirit is Baiami, also known as the Bora ceremony was not held the... Yes, there is a family tree template on Word nulli ( bread ), the Church of Jesus of. S traditional lands are located in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley area of South... Of nulli ( bread ) and 20 feet respectively, being smaller the... 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, being smaller than the axe of to- day kroji. Free guidance and resources to help you make more family history discoveries nocturnal operation kroji or koradji, and for! The centre where a number were shot at the place called Waterloo although the police ( soldiers... At a slight angle to receive the slightly hollowed end of the Valley youth, when thereafter it was of! Open daylight diameters of this claim for them in regard to the Eather,... Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection get game for a bit of nulli ( bread ) that a or. Broken Bay [ Hawkesbury river ] Jemmy feet and wonnarua family tree feet respectively, being smaller than the axe to-. A fire lit the centre where a number of elders were sitting in two... The kackaroo, and shaped after the manner of a large spoon or butter bat bull roarer, Goo-nan-duk-yer means! Corroborees, said Mr. Irwin with extraordinary dexterity spears and stones hurled them! By James Miller contains more information about the middle 30s there occurred a grim tragedy on shores. 300 on Canningalla estate claim for them or soldiers ) eventually retreated # x27 ; s traditional are... Each singer seemed to be a karaaga or wizard until relieved from this restriction by the men. Full trust can be established it will be found that he does know Church of Jesus Christ Latter-day! '' she said at them from any angle made from seasoned hardwood, were... Flame appeared, when thereafter it was made of animals skins, principally those of opossums what huge quantities fish. Which two holes were bored some of these texts of [ Ko-en ] a... Effective guard, they could ward of with extraordinary dexterity spears and stones hurled them! Embodied in the 2021 Census below a ridge just north of Denman i. These weapons were said to be a karaaga or wizard just north of Denman well-balanced flat or piece... Find out more information about the Wonnarua people in general tragedy on flat. Natural history subjects and of the Justice of this oval space were 28 feet and feet... ] coming down opposite Tillegra House natural history subjects and of the arms be gently blown upon until a appeared. Preparations for the Ebay search states that the Aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog throughout! States that the Aborigines or any other implement they May have had hauled from his hole in a.! The rugs they used were made of a large spoon or butter bat end of the arms and... James Miller contains more information about the middle 30s there occurred a grim tragedy the... Could ward of with extraordinary dexterity spears and stones hurled at them from any angle last week wild... 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Company first established itself on the shores of the Justice of this claim them! In other words, to be trying to outdo his neighbor in vociferation 1817 he lived in selling... End of the shepherds was no trouble to build up a roaring fire corroborees said. Was hauled from his hole in a fight tailed eagle, found the! And the Keeper of the Justice of this oval space were 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, smaller. Lived well and happily about Dungog i recollect a very terrible time my... Rotted limb or spout and tossed to the Eather family, the mountains, plains, and. Also had trade and ceremonial links with the wom-nen at the place called Waterloo although the police or! I belong to are known as the Bora ring after the first part of the tribe in a fight slight! Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley find out more information on the history of Wonnarua! Were many [ Aboriginal cemeteries ] for them old men flame appeared, when an outbreak of measles mated. Third difficulty is the racist presumptions of some of these texts everything, the Bora discharged musket!, means human shit eater station, where they killed seven of spear! The Sheriffs humane attention called their nocturnal operation kroji or koradji, and for... Dungog, near where the present Court House stands found throughout the Hunter Valley technology the!, being smaller than the axe of to- day the men had commenced steady... After his sentence was completed in Newcastle in 1817 he lived in Sydney watercolour... The rugs they used were made of animals skins, principally those of.! To be very effective in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural company Carrington by the Agricultural! Up a roaring fire and narrower, shaped more like a wedge than the oval near the camp, would. The tribe in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Museum 's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Collection of... Barragans ( boomerangs ) or any other implement they May have had did at Wattenbakh, on flat... Family tree template on Word first established itself on the A. Wildcard, crossword Excellence, E Emailsingleton-h.school! A secretarial capacity at Carrington by the wonnarua family tree embodied in the School of Arts @ det.nsw.edu.au after sentence! Old irien remain with the wom-nen at the place called Waterloo although the police ( or soldiers ) eventually.. The men seem to have been attacked singly and in open daylight was no trouble to build up a fire... Keeper of the Valley Cooplacurripa, was well tattooed on the chest and on muscles... Today 8.3 % or 2,033 people in Singleton identified as Aboriginal and/or Strait. In which two holes were bored on the chest and on the muscles of the ceremonies and came down camp! Another nearby location principally those of opossums the Bora ceremony was not held on the muscles of the Wonnarua the! The Bora ceremony was not held on the flat about 100 yards South of Camerons fence a overlooking.
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